The aim of the present work was to study the clinical aspects and relevance of molecular diagnosis in late mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Parana, Brazil. Twenty one suspected cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in patients from the endemic areas of leishmaniasis were assessed. Different methods used in diagnosing the disease and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were compared in order to establish the sensitivity of each method. Out of the 21 patients analyzed, 14.3% presented other etiologies such as vasculitis, syphilis, and paracoccidioidomycosis, with all tests negative for leishmaniasis. Out of the remaining 15 patients, 6.7% cases were confirmed for leishmaniasis by direct examination; 46.67% were positive for culture, which allowed isolating and identifying the parasite and - with the PCR technique - it was possible to diagnose 100% MCL patients for all the three repetitions of exams. The PCR optimized for the present work proved to be an auxiliary method for diagnosing leishmaniasis applicable in the patients carrying MCL due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and did not need culture to be performed, resulting in a faster diagnosis.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da cafeína e taninos sobre o desenvolvimento do fungo Pleurotus sp. e avaliar a possibilidade do uso da casca de café como substrato no seu cultivo. Oito cepas de P. ostreatus e duas cepas de P. sajor-caju foram selecionadas em um meio à base de extrato aquoso de casca de café e Agar. A cepa P. ostreatus LPB 09 foi escolhida para estudos posteriores com base na velocidade de crescimento do micélio e produção de biomassa. O estudo do desenvolvimento do cogumelo em meio com diferentes concentrações de cafeína mostrou que o aumento da concentração da mesma influencia negativamente crescimento. A partir de uma concentração de cafeína de 2500 mg/L não foi observado crescimento. Observou-se ainda que o Pleurotus não degradou a cafeína, mas a absorveu. Os taninos em concentração abaixo de 100 mg/L no meio estimularam o crescimento do micélio, no entanto acima de 500 mg/L mostraram efeito negativo. Quando a concentração de taninos atingiu 1000 mg/L, o cogumelo ainda sobreviveu e mostrou uma certa tolerância. O ácido tânico não foi encontrado no micélio, o que confirma que o Pleurotus possui a capacidade de degradá-lo. A frutificação ocorreu após 20 dias de inoculação e a eficiência biológica atingiu 97% em 60 dias. O conteúdo de cafeína da casca de café foi reduzido para 60.7% e o de taninos para 79.2%. Os resultados mostram boas perspectivas para o cultivo de Pleurotus utilizando casca de café como substrato sem a necessidade de qualquer pré-tratamento.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of caffeine and tannins on Pleurotus sp. cultivation and to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee husks as substrate for mushroom cultivation. Eight strains of P. ostreatus and two strains of P. sajor-caju were screened on a medium prepared from agar extract of coffee husk. Based on best mycelial growth and biomass production, the strain P. ostreatus LPB 09 was selected for detailed studies. With the increase of caffeine concentration, the mycelial growth and the biomass production decreased, and no growth was observed when concentration of caffeine was 2500 mg/L. Furthermore, Pleurotus did not degrade the caffeine, but absorbed it. Tannin under 100 mg/L in the medium stimulated the growth of mycelia, but above 500 mg/L it had a negative effect. When the concentration reached 1000 mg/L, the fungus still survived and showed a certain tolerance to it. No tannic acid was found in the mycelia, but its concentration decreased in the medium. This fact confirmed that Pleurotus had the capacity of degrading tannic acid. Fructification occurred after 20 days of inoculation and the biological efficiency reached about 97% after 60 days. Caffeine content in the husk after cultivation was reduced to 60.7% and tannins to 79.2%. The results indicated the feasibility of using coffee husk without any pretreatment for the cultivation of Pleurotus.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em avaliar a regeneração óssea em defeito criado na mandíbula de ratos utilizando dois bioenxertos: hidroxiapatita de cálcio sintética e submucosa de intestino delgado porcina. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental randomizado. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 24 ratos da linhagem Wisthar-Furth. Um defeito ósseo de 0,75cm x 1,5cm no corpo de cada hemimandíbula foi realizado em todos os animais com broca esférica de baixa rotação. Padronizou-se à esquerda o preenchimento do defeito ósseo, no grupo I com 15 microgramas de hidroxiapatita e no grupo II com preenchimento de submucosa de intestino delgado porcina (SID), e à direita o não-preenchimento serviu como controle. A eutanásia foi realizada no 40° dia de pós-operatório, após a qual se procederam as análises macroscópicas e histológicas das peças. RESULTADOS: O comprimento médio em milímetros das hemimandíbulas do grupo hidroxiapatita foi de 3,75, e o do grupo SID 3,03 e o do grupo controle foi de 2,63 (p: 0,0022). No grupo hidroxiapatita a neoformação óssea perfez uma área correspondente à 76,64% do total já no grupo SID 63,64% do total. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados macroscópios e microscópicos foram superiores com a utilização do enxerto de hidroxiapatita quando comparado ao grupo submucosa de intestino delgado porcino. Entretanto os dois bioenxertos mostraram-se osteoindutores quando comparados ao controle.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation in surgically created defects of rabbit mandibles by synthetic hydroxyapatite of calcium compared to small Intestine Submucosa. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 24 mices lineage Wisthar-Furth were used. A bony defect of 0,75 cm x 1,5 cm in mandibular ramus was accomplished in all animals. The hydroxyapatite implants were placed on the left hemimandiblein groupI, small Intestine submucosa in group II, and the right served as control. The euthanasia was accomplished in the 40° postoperative day, it was proceeded the macroscopic and histological analysis. RESULTS: medium length in millimeters of the hemimandibless in the hydroxyapatite group was of 3,75, in the small intestine submucosa 3,03 and the control group was of 2,63 (p: 0,022). Histomorphometry study reaveled new bone grown in 76,64% of the total area in hydroxyapatite group (p: 0,022). In Small Intestinal submucosa group new bone grown in 63,64% do total (p: 0,0022). DISCUSSION: satisfactory bone integration was observed of the synthetic hydroxyapatite in that experimental model. Small intestinal submucosa cause osteoinduction CONCLUSÃO: using hydroxyapatite of calcium resulted in formation of significantly larger volume frations of new bone when compared to small intestinal submucosa group.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a biocompatibilidade entre submucosa de intestino delgado (SID) porcino e o pericárdio bovino como enxerto no reparo de lesões criadas na veia cava inferior de cães. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis cães foram submetidos a laparotomia. Após a abertura da cavidade abdominal a veia cava foi identificada e em seguida procedeu-se com a retirada de um segmento elíptico de 1,5X3cm de sua parede anterior. Em 8 animais o defeito foi reparado com SID porcino (grupo A) e nos 8 animais restantes o defeito foi reparado com pericárdio bovino (grupo B).No 30° dia de P.O. realizou-se uma ultra-sonografia e a eutanásia foi realizada no 40°dia de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Observou-se estenose da veia cava em 1 cão do grupo do grupo A e em 2 animais do grupo B além de trombose em 1 cão desse mesmo grupo. A análise microscópica revelou um processo inflamatório crônico moderado em ambos os grupos. A endotelização do enxerto, regeneração de fibras musculares lisas e depósito de colágeno também foi similar nos 2 grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A SID provou ser um excelente substrato para a regeneração vascular quando implantado em veia cava superior, contudo os resultados encontrados não diferem daqueles observados com o uso de pericárdio bovino.

PURPOSE: To compare the biocompatibility of the bovine pericardium and the small intestine submucosa (SIS) when used to repair a created defect in the inferior vena cava of dogs. METHODS: Sixteen male mongrel dogs were submitted to a midline laparotomy incision. An elliptical segment (1,5 X 3,0 cm) of the inferior vena cava, below the renal veins, was excised. In 8 dogs, the A group, a patch of porcine small bowel submucosa was used to repair the defect. In the 8 remaining dogs, the B group, a bovine pericardium was implanted in the vena cava. On the 30th post-operative day an ultrasound was performed in order to identify stenosis. The euthanasia was accomplished in the 40th post-operative day. Stenosis of the vein was observed in 1 dog of A group and in 2 of the B group. RESULTS: Partial thrombosis with collateral circulation was evidenced in 1 dog of the bovine pericardium group. A moderated chronic inflammatory process was evidenced in both groups. Microscopic evaluation, regarding endothelization of the implant, collagen deposition, smooth muscle growth, was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: SIS proved to be a functional graft patch for possessing local vena cava remodeling and its biocompatibility was similar to bovine pericardium.

Objetivo: Avaliar a biocompatibilidade de um enxerto xenogênico de SID como meio de ampliação da capacidade vesical. Métodos: Oito cães mestiços foram submetidos à laparotomia e abertura da bexiga por incisão mediana de 3cm em sua face ventral. Para aumento da capacidade vesical, bem como sua reconstituição, foi interposto um segmento de submucosa porcina, fixando-o à parede vesical. No 30°dia de pós-operatório os animais foram sacrificados e procedeu-se à análise macroscópica. As peças foram então encaminhadas para fixação, coloração e análise microscópica. Resultados: Não se observou seroma, hematoma, abscesso, fístula, deiscência, aderências, litíase e a não incorporação do enxerto. Microscopicamente observou-se em todos os casos uma proliferação do urotélio que recobriu toda a superfície do enxerto, além da presença de fibras musculares lisas no local do implante. Verificou-se proliferação conjuntiva, principalmente às custas de colágeno imaturo do tipo III e reação inflamatória crônica em todos os animais. A proliferação vascular foi acentuada e a reabsorção da membrana foram também observadas. Conclusão: Asubmucosa de intestino delgado porcino participou como um substrato para a regeneração da bexiga e pode ser uma futura alternativa na reconstrução do trato urinário.

Purpose: To evaluate the biocompability and histological changes of the porcine intestine submucosa (SIS) used for bladder augmentation in dogs. Methods: eight mongrel dogs underwent laparotomy and a 3cm full-thickness midline cistotomy was performed in its ventral surface. In order to produce an immediate augmentation of the bladder, a porcine SIS patch graft was implanted. On the 30th post-operative day the animals were submitted to a second operation for a grossly evaluation of the implanted graft. Results: there was no finding of seroma, hematoma, abscess, fistula, adhesion and stone formation. The bladder was then removed for histological studies and the animals were sacrificed. A chronic inflammatory process was observed in all animals. The urothelium covered the implant in 100% of the cases and smooth muscles fibers were seen in the graft area. The angiogenesis was significant and reabsorption of the implanted submucosa could be observed. The densitometry of collagen showed that the area occupied by immature collagen type III was greater than the area occupied by the mature collagen, type I. Conclusion: SIS can be used as a bladder substitute, since it acts as a scaffold for tissue regeneration.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of small intestine submucosa (SIS) in the reconstruction of the ureter in swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study was performed in 10 half-breed pigs weighing between 20 and 30 K, in which a previously prepared segment of SIS measuring approximately 2.0 cm was implanted in the upper third part of the right ureter. RESULTS: Of the 10 operated animals, one died 14 days after the surgery due to a dehiscence on the suture line of the implanted graft. The remaining 9 animals were submitted to ultrasound examination of the urinary tract and were sacrificed on the 40th postoperative day. The macroscopic evaluation showed no calculus, incrustation, fistula, abscesses or adhesions in the ureters with the graft. Microscopic evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red showed in the experimental area (graft) the presence of urothelium in 100% of the cases, collagen in 100% of the cases, and smooth muscle layer in 87.5% of the animals. In the area adjacent to the graft (proximal and distal), we observed 92.86% of urothelium, 42.86% of collagen and 71.43% of smooth muscle. In the contralateral ureter, it was found 100% of urothelium and smooth muscle and just 11.11% of collagen. The microscopic analysis of the kidneys whose ureters received the graft of SIS evidenced congestion in 55.55%, pelvic edema in 66.66% and interstitial nephritis in 77.78%. Hydronephrosis was present in 33.33% and chronic pyelonephritis in 44%. Only 1 animal presented total absence of glomerulus in the renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The SIS graft behaved as a biological tissue support, allowing the regeneration of the urothelium and smooth muscle grow, despite of chronic inflammatory process.